介绍45个最常见的英语后缀及其相关派生词( 您所在的位置:网站首页 elevate词根词缀 介绍45个最常见的英语后缀及其相关派生词(

介绍45个最常见的英语后缀及其相关派生词(

2023-03-10 21:46| 来源: 网络整理| 查看: 265

-ate[L]=I a. of~; having~; like~Ⅱ v. to become~or cause to be~; to produce~; to supply or treat with~; to combine with~Ⅲ n. salt made from~, etc.

拉丁后缀-ate是个原生词缀。它有3种构词功能:

1)加缀在名词词根或词干上构成形容词,表示of~(…的);having~(有…的);like~(像…的)等意思。2)加缀在形容词、名词、动词词根或词干后面构成动词:当它与形容词词根缀合时,意为to become~(成为…)或to cause to be~(使成为…);当它与名词词根缀合时,其意思为to produce~(生成…),to treat with~(用…处理),to combine with~(与…结合)等;当它与动词词根结合时,-ate只起表明词性或加强词义的作用。

3)有时,它能构成名词,表示行为者、身份、盐类等化合物(见本节练习5)。

下面先介绍几个有代表性的以-ate结尾的形容词。

collegiate[collegi=college大学;-ate⇒“of or having to do with college与大学有关的”→]a. ①of a college大学的,学院的 / She works in a collegiate library. 她在一家大学图书馆工作。②of or having to do with college students大学生的 / He will never forget his hard collegiate life. 他永远不会忘记他那艰苦的大学生活。

fortunate[fortun=luck好运气;-ate→]a. having or bringing good luck; lucky幸运的;带来好运的 / You are fortunate in having such a fine family. 你有这样美满的家庭真是幸运。

stellate[stell=star星;-ate⇒“like a star像星的”→] a. star shaped; spreading out like the points of a star星形的;星状辐射的 / This kind of plant has stellate leaves. 这类植物长星状叶。

下面再看看-ate当动词后缀的词例。

liberate[liber=free自由的;-ate⇒“to cause to be free使自由”→]v. set free; free解放;使获自由 / Lincoln liberated the slaves. 林肯使奴隶获得了自由。

▷liberation n. 解放

ulcerate[ulcer n. 溃疡;-ate⇒“to produce ulcers产生溃疡”→]v. form or be formed into an ulcer形成溃疡 / An ulcerated stomach may be very painful. 胃溃疡会很痛的。

▷ulceration n. 溃疡;腐败

vaccinate[vaccin=vaccine牛痘,疫苗;-ate⇒“to supply or treat with a vaccine供给或用疫苗处理”→]v. treat or inoculate with a vaccine as a protection against a disease给…种牛痘或疫苗 / Children must be vaccinated against smallpox. 小孩子都应该种牛痘预防天花。

▷vaccination n. 种痘;接种

oxygenate[oxygen n. 氧;-ate→]v. combine with oxygen; oxidize氧化 / When a substance burns, it is oxygenated. 当一种物质燃烧时,它就被氧化了。

▷oxygenation n. 氧化

terminate[termin=end终端;-ate⇒“to become an end成为终端”→]v. bring to an end; put an end to使终止;使结束 / The policeman terminated the quarrel by sending the boys home. 警察把男孩们送回家,结束了这场争吵。

▷termination n. 终止;结束;结局

dictate[dict=to say说;-ate→]v. say aloud for sb. to write down口述;使听写 / The director dictated a letter to his secretary. 主管向秘书口授信稿。

▷dictation n. 听写,口述

练习 

1.[词缀辨义]

① hyphenate v. 加连字符  (  )a. of~;having~

② lunate a. 新月形的[lun=moon]  (  )b. like~

③ maturate v. 成熟(←mature a.)  (  )c. to become~

④ pedate a. 有足的[ped=foot]  (  )d. to supply with~

⑤ sulphurate v. 使硫化  (  )e. to combine with~

2.[举一反三]

注意下面的单词都是拉丁借词。

A fortune n. 运气→fortunate a. 幸运的

① affection n. 慈爱;钟爱→affectionate a. _____________

② companion n. 同伴→companionate a. _____________

③ compassion n. 同情→compassionate a. _____________

B orient a. 向东方的→orientate v. 使向东;定位

① active a. 活跃的→activate v. _____________

② alien a. 异己的→alienate v. _____________

③ valid a. 有效的→validate v. _____________

3.[同义相连]

A 名词词根+-ate→原生形容词

① animate [anim=life]  (  )a. 迷人的

② caudate [caud=tail]  (  )b. 有生气的

③ fascinate [fascin=a spell]  (  )c. 私人的

④ federate [feder=league]  (  )d. 有尾的

⑤ private [priv=one's own]  (  )e. 同盟的

B 形容词词根+-ate→原生动词

① aggravate [grav=heavy]  (  )a. 使能够

② assimilate [simil=same]  (  )b. 使恶化

③ capacitate [capacit=capable]  (  )c. 加重

④ deteriorate [deterior=worse]  (  )d. 同化;吸收

⑤ levigate [levig=smooth]  (  )e. 磨光;水磨

C 名词词根+-ate→原生动词

① aviate [avi=bird]  (  )a. 刺激

② culminate [culmin=top]  (  )b. 隔离,使绝缘

③ insulate [insul=island]  (  )c. 飞行

④ locate [loc=place]  (  )d. 到顶;告终

⑤ stimulate [stimul=sting]  (  )e. 使…坐落于;定位

D 动词词根+-ate→原生动词

① educate [duc=to lead]  (  )a. 抬起;使升高

② complicate [plic=to twist]  (  )b. 闲谈

③ elevate [lev=to raise]  (  )c. 使复杂

④ confabulate [fabul=to talk]  (  )d. 孵化;孵卵

⑤ incubate [cub=to lie]  (  )e. 教育

4.[心领神会]

① accumulate v. 积累[cumul=a heap]

② aerate v. 使通气[aer=air]

③ associate v. 使联系;结交[soci=companion]

④ calculate v. 计算[calcul=stone]

⑤ collaborate v. 合作[labor=work]

⑥ concentrate v. 集中[centr=centre]

⑦ constellate v. 使形成星座;使群集[stell=star]

⑧ evaporate v. 使蒸发[vapor=steam]

⑨ insolate v. 曝晒[sol=the sun]

⑩ nominate v. 提名[nomin=name]

5.[节外生枝]

-ate还可作为名词后缀表示某种人、某种职位,或某种盐类。不过,这类名词往往有同形的动词或形容词,所以也可以将它们看成是转化词。

A 词根+-ate n.→名词(人)

① advocate n. 辩护者;鼓吹者[voc=to call]

② delegate n. 代表[leg=law, contract]

③ magistrate n. 地方行政官员[magistr=a master]

B 名词+-ate→名词(职位或学位)

① doctorate n. 博士学位

② patriarchate n. 主教的职位

③ professorate n. 教授职位或身份

C 名词词根+-ate→名词(盐类等化合物)

① alcoholate n. 乙醇化物

② carbonate n. 碳酸盐

③ sulphate n. 硫酸盐



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