介绍45个最常见的英语后缀及其相关派生词( | 您所在的位置:网站首页 › elevate词根词缀 › 介绍45个最常见的英语后缀及其相关派生词( |
-ate[L]=I a. of~; having~; like~Ⅱ v. to become~or cause to be~; to produce~; to supply or treat with~; to combine with~Ⅲ n. salt made from~, etc. 拉丁后缀-ate是个原生词缀。它有3种构词功能: 1)加缀在名词词根或词干上构成形容词,表示of~(…的);having~(有…的);like~(像…的)等意思。2)加缀在形容词、名词、动词词根或词干后面构成动词:当它与形容词词根缀合时,意为to become~(成为…)或to cause to be~(使成为…);当它与名词词根缀合时,其意思为to produce~(生成…),to treat with~(用…处理),to combine with~(与…结合)等;当它与动词词根结合时,-ate只起表明词性或加强词义的作用。 3)有时,它能构成名词,表示行为者、身份、盐类等化合物(见本节练习5)。 下面先介绍几个有代表性的以-ate结尾的形容词。 collegiate[collegi=college大学;-ate⇒“of or having to do with college与大学有关的”→]a. ①of a college大学的,学院的 / She works in a collegiate library. 她在一家大学图书馆工作。②of or having to do with college students大学生的 / He will never forget his hard collegiate life. 他永远不会忘记他那艰苦的大学生活。 fortunate[fortun=luck好运气;-ate→]a. having or bringing good luck; lucky幸运的;带来好运的 / You are fortunate in having such a fine family. 你有这样美满的家庭真是幸运。 stellate[stell=star星;-ate⇒“like a star像星的”→] a. star shaped; spreading out like the points of a star星形的;星状辐射的 / This kind of plant has stellate leaves. 这类植物长星状叶。 下面再看看-ate当动词后缀的词例。 liberate[liber=free自由的;-ate⇒“to cause to be free使自由”→]v. set free; free解放;使获自由 / Lincoln liberated the slaves. 林肯使奴隶获得了自由。 ▷liberation n. 解放 ulcerate[ulcer n. 溃疡;-ate⇒“to produce ulcers产生溃疡”→]v. form or be formed into an ulcer形成溃疡 / An ulcerated stomach may be very painful. 胃溃疡会很痛的。 ▷ulceration n. 溃疡;腐败 vaccinate[vaccin=vaccine牛痘,疫苗;-ate⇒“to supply or treat with a vaccine供给或用疫苗处理”→]v. treat or inoculate with a vaccine as a protection against a disease给…种牛痘或疫苗 / Children must be vaccinated against smallpox. 小孩子都应该种牛痘预防天花。 ▷vaccination n. 种痘;接种 oxygenate[oxygen n. 氧;-ate→]v. combine with oxygen; oxidize氧化 / When a substance burns, it is oxygenated. 当一种物质燃烧时,它就被氧化了。 ▷oxygenation n. 氧化 terminate[termin=end终端;-ate⇒“to become an end成为终端”→]v. bring to an end; put an end to使终止;使结束 / The policeman terminated the quarrel by sending the boys home. 警察把男孩们送回家,结束了这场争吵。 ▷termination n. 终止;结束;结局 dictate[dict=to say说;-ate→]v. say aloud for sb. to write down口述;使听写 / The director dictated a letter to his secretary. 主管向秘书口授信稿。 ▷dictation n. 听写,口述 练习 1.[词缀辨义] ① hyphenate v. 加连字符 ( )a. of~;having~ ② lunate a. 新月形的[lun=moon] ( )b. like~ ③ maturate v. 成熟(←mature a.) ( )c. to become~ ④ pedate a. 有足的[ped=foot] ( )d. to supply with~ ⑤ sulphurate v. 使硫化 ( )e. to combine with~ 2.[举一反三] 注意下面的单词都是拉丁借词。 A fortune n. 运气→fortunate a. 幸运的 ① affection n. 慈爱;钟爱→affectionate a. _____________ ② companion n. 同伴→companionate a. _____________ ③ compassion n. 同情→compassionate a. _____________ B orient a. 向东方的→orientate v. 使向东;定位 ① active a. 活跃的→activate v. _____________ ② alien a. 异己的→alienate v. _____________ ③ valid a. 有效的→validate v. _____________ 3.[同义相连] A 名词词根+-ate→原生形容词 ① animate [anim=life] ( )a. 迷人的 ② caudate [caud=tail] ( )b. 有生气的 ③ fascinate [fascin=a spell] ( )c. 私人的 ④ federate [feder=league] ( )d. 有尾的 ⑤ private [priv=one's own] ( )e. 同盟的 B 形容词词根+-ate→原生动词 ① aggravate [grav=heavy] ( )a. 使能够 ② assimilate [simil=same] ( )b. 使恶化 ③ capacitate [capacit=capable] ( )c. 加重 ④ deteriorate [deterior=worse] ( )d. 同化;吸收 ⑤ levigate [levig=smooth] ( )e. 磨光;水磨 C 名词词根+-ate→原生动词 ① aviate [avi=bird] ( )a. 刺激 ② culminate [culmin=top] ( )b. 隔离,使绝缘 ③ insulate [insul=island] ( )c. 飞行 ④ locate [loc=place] ( )d. 到顶;告终 ⑤ stimulate [stimul=sting] ( )e. 使…坐落于;定位 D 动词词根+-ate→原生动词 ① educate [duc=to lead] ( )a. 抬起;使升高 ② complicate [plic=to twist] ( )b. 闲谈 ③ elevate [lev=to raise] ( )c. 使复杂 ④ confabulate [fabul=to talk] ( )d. 孵化;孵卵 ⑤ incubate [cub=to lie] ( )e. 教育 4.[心领神会] ① accumulate v. 积累[cumul=a heap] ② aerate v. 使通气[aer=air] ③ associate v. 使联系;结交[soci=companion] ④ calculate v. 计算[calcul=stone] ⑤ collaborate v. 合作[labor=work] ⑥ concentrate v. 集中[centr=centre] ⑦ constellate v. 使形成星座;使群集[stell=star] ⑧ evaporate v. 使蒸发[vapor=steam] ⑨ insolate v. 曝晒[sol=the sun] ⑩ nominate v. 提名[nomin=name] 5.[节外生枝] -ate还可作为名词后缀表示某种人、某种职位,或某种盐类。不过,这类名词往往有同形的动词或形容词,所以也可以将它们看成是转化词。 A 词根+-ate n.→名词(人) ① advocate n. 辩护者;鼓吹者[voc=to call] ② delegate n. 代表[leg=law, contract] ③ magistrate n. 地方行政官员[magistr=a master] B 名词+-ate→名词(职位或学位) ① doctorate n. 博士学位 ② patriarchate n. 主教的职位 ③ professorate n. 教授职位或身份 C 名词词根+-ate→名词(盐类等化合物) ① alcoholate n. 乙醇化物 ② carbonate n. 碳酸盐 ③ sulphate n. 硫酸盐 |
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