介绍56个最常见的英语前缀及其相关派生词(sur) | 您所在的位置:网站首页 › concept的派生词 › 介绍56个最常见的英语前缀及其相关派生词(sur) |
sur-[OF]=above, beyond 在常用词surface, surpass中有个来自古法语的前缀sur-,它的前身正是上节介绍的拉丁前缀super-。所以,sur-的基本意思也是above或beyond,而且没有更多的引申义。sur-主要与拉丁词根相结合,但也可以作为派生词缀与单词结合。 下面介绍几个常用的以sur-开头的词。 surface [sur-=above上;face=face面⇒“above the face of在…的面上”→]n. ①the outside of anything面,表面 / A cube has six surfaces. 一个立方体有6个面。② the outer appearance外表 / Beneath his rough surface he is really a very kind person. 他看起来粗暴无礼,其实心地非常善良。 ▷surficial a. 地表的;地面的 surmount [sur-=over上;mount=to climp up攀登⇒“to climb over攀上”→]v. rise above; get over; overcome登上;越过;克服 / He surmounted many difficulties before he became an engineer. 他克服了许多困难才成为工程师。 ▷surmountable a. 可克服的;可超越的 surpass [sur-=beyond超;pass=to go by经过→]v. go beyond; exceed超越;胜过 / He surpasses his sisters in arithmetic. 他在算术方面胜过他的姐妹。 ▷surpassing a. 非凡的;超越的;无比的 survive [sur-=beyond超;viv=to live活;-e⇒“to live beyond活得超过…”→]v. ①live longer than比…活得长久 / He sur- vived his wife by three years. 他比亡妻多活了三年。②remain alive after幸免于,活下来 / Only ten of the crew survived the storm. 只有10名船员在风暴中幸免于难。 ▷survival n. 幸存,残存;生存;幸存者 survivor n. 幸存者;逃生者;残存物 下面各举一个sur-与名词、动词缀合的例子。 surcoat [sur-=over在…之上;coat n. 上衣→]n. an outer coat or garment of rich material, often worn by knights over their armor(中世纪骑士穿在盔甲上的)外袍 / In the museum, you can see surcoats, armors and other arms used by knights. 在博物馆里,你可以看到骑士们用过的战袍、盔甲与其他武器。 surcharge [sur-=beyond超;charge v. 使承担⇒“to charge beyond the limit使超限度承担”→]v. charge extra, overcharge; overload使超载;使负担过重 / The widow was surcharged with grief. 那个寡妇悲伤过度。 练习 47 1.[词缀辨识] 指出下列单词哪些含有sur-。 ① surf n. 拍岸浪花v. 作冲浪运动 ② surely ad. 确实,无疑 ③ surly a. 乖戾的;粗暴的 ④ surplusage n. 剩余额;多余物 ⑤ sural n. 小腿腹的 2.[同义相连] A sur-(=over)+词根(+后缀)→原生词 ① surmise [mis=to send] ( )a. 交出;投降 ② surplice [plic=garment] ( )b. 宽大的白色法衣 ③ surprise [pris=to take] ( )c. 监视,监督 ④ surrender [render=to give] ( )d. 使意外,使惊奇 ⑤ surveillance [veil=to watch] ( )e. 推测;猜想 B sur-(=beyond)+词根/单词→派生词 ① surfeit [feit=to do] ( )a. 超现实主义 ② surplus [plus=more] ( )b. 过度;放纵 ③ surtax ( )c. 姓;外号 ④ surrealism ( )d. 过剩,剩余 ⑤ surname ( )e. 附加税 3.[心领神会] ① surcease n. 停止 ② surcingle n. (马的)肚带;腰带[cingle=belt] ③ surround v. 围,围绕;包围[round(←ound)=wave] ④ survey v. 俯瞰;调查;测量[vey=to see] 4.[节外生枝] sur-在下列单词中是sub-(=under)的异体,请勿与sur-(=above)相混淆。 ① surge v. 汹涌;波动[ge (←regere)=to reach] ② surreptitious a. 偷偷摸摸的[rept=to snatch] ③ surrogate v. 使代理[rog=to ask] |
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