【零基础学云计算】ACL访问控制列表配置实例 (一)

在GNS 3中拓扑实验，配置一台路由设备，一台交换设备，分别连接三台PC机，三台PC机分别配置IP地址，并在路由设备中配置网关，如下图所示，配置完成后配置标准访问控制列表，禁止PC1与PC3通信，PC2与PC3正常通信。

1、首先进入交换设备进行配置

sw#conf t //进入全局模式

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

sw(config)#no ip routing //进入交换设备，关闭路由功能

sw(config)#int f1/0 //进入f1/0接口

sw(config-if)#speed 100 //配置速率100

sw(config-if)#duplex full //开启双工模式

2、进入路由设备，配置接口IP地址

R1#conf t //进入全局模式

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

R1(config)#int f0/0 //进入f0/0接口

R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0 //添加IP地址

R1(config-if)#no shutdown //开启接口

R1(config-if)#int f0/1 //进入f0/1接口

R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0 //添加IP地址

R1(config-if)#no shutdown //开启接口

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#do show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

C 192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1

3、分别进入PC机，设置IP地址

PC1> ip 192.168.10.2 192.168.10.1

Checking for duplicate address...

PC1 : 192.168.10.2 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.10.1

PC2> ip 192.168.10.3 192.168.10.1

Checking for duplicate address...

PC1 : 192.168.10.3 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.10.1

PC3> ip 192.168.20.2 192.168.20.1

Checking for duplicate address...

PC1 : 192.168.20.2 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.20.1

4、先测试PC1与PC2是否可以与PC3通信

PC1> ping 192.168.20.2

192.168.20.2 icmp_seq=1 timeout

84 bytes from 192.168.20.2 icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=20.913 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.20.2 icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=14.960 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.20.2 icmp_seq=4 ttl=63 time=17.917 ms

PC2> ping 192.168.20.2

84 bytes from 192.168.20.2 icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=19.021 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.20.2 icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=23.997 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.20.2 icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=21.941 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.20.2 icmp_seq=4 ttl=63 time=13.966 ms

5、在路由设备中配置标准访问控制列表，禁止PC1与PC3通信

R1(config)#access-list 1 deny 192.168.10.2 0.0.0.0

R1(config)#do show access-list

Standard IP access list 1

10 deny 192.168.10.2

R1(config)#access-list 1 permit any

R1(config)#do show access-list

Standard IP access list 1

10 deny 192.168.10.2

20 permit any

R1(config-if)#ip access-group 1 in

6、测试PC1是否可以与PC3通信

PC1> ping 192.168.20.2

*192.168.10.1 icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=9.943 ms (ICMP type:3, code:13, Communication administratively prohibited)

*192.168.10.1 icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=3.990 ms (ICMP type:3, code:13, Communication administratively prohibited)

*192.168.10.1 icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=9.014 ms (ICMP type:3, code:13, Communication administratively prohibited)

7、测试PC2与PC3是否可以正常通信

PC2> ping 192.168.20.2

192.168.20.2 icmp_seq=1 timeout

192.168.20.2 icmp_seq=2 timeout

84 bytes from 192.168.20.2 icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=17.958 ms

84 bytes from 192.168.20.2 icmp_seq=4 ttl=63 time=19.981 ms

实验需求:

允许Win10访问Linux的web服务

禁止Win10访问linux的其他用务

允许Win10访问Win10-2主机

首先在GNS 3中拓扑实验图，配置一台路由设备，在路由设备中添加一个网络接口，配置三台真实主机，一台Linux系统，两台win10系统，分别连接路由设备，并在VMware中开启主机，给三台主机分别绑定VMnet1、VMnet2、VMnet3网卡，然后分别与路由器相连，并在路由器接口处标出将要划分的三个网段，如图：

1、在Linux系统中安装FTP与HTTP服务

[root@localhost ~]# yum install vsftpd -y

已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks

base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00

extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00

updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00

(1/4): base/7/x86_64/group_gz | 165 kB 00:00:00

...//省略部分内容...

Running transaction

正在安装 : vsftpd-3.0.2-25.el7.x86_64 1/1

验证中 : vsftpd-3.0.2-25.el7.x86_64 1/1

已安装:

vsftpd.x86_64 0:3.0.2-25.el7

完毕！

[root@localhost ~]# yum install httpd -y

已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

* base: Nanjing University Open Source Mirror Site

...//省略部分内容...

已安装:

httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-90.el7.centos

作为依赖被安装:

apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-5.el7 apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7

httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-90.el7.centos mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7

完毕！

2、更改Linux系统中网卡信息，并在VMware中绑定VMnet2网卡并重启虚拟机。

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33

TYPE=Ethernet

PROXY_METHOD=none

BROWSER_ONLY=no

BOOTPROTO=static

DEFROUTE=yes

IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no

IPV6INIT=yes

IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes

IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes

IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no

IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy

NAME=ens33

UUID=2ef6b862-5201-48c5-a450-23b3720ab3a0

DEVICE=ens33

ONBOOT=yes

IPADDR=192.168.100.100

NTEMASK=255.255.255.0

GATEWAY=192.168.100.1

~

~

:wq

3、分别给两台Win10设备绑定网，然后分别配置固定IP地址，并关闭防火墙。

4、在GNS 3中开启设备，并进路由入设备进行配置接口IP地址

R1#conf t //进入全局模式

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

R1(config)#int f0/0 //进入f0/0接口

R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 //配置IP地址

R1(config-if)#no shut //开启接口

*Mar 1 00:05:30.323: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

*Mar 1 00:05:31.323: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

R1(config-if)#int f0/1 //进入f0/1接口

R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.100.1 255.255.255.0 //配置IP地址

R1(config-if)#no shut //开启接口

*Mar 1 00:06:16.031: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up

*Mar 1 00:06:17.031: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up

R1(config-if)#int f1/0 //进入f1/0接口

R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 //配置IP地址

R1(config-if)#no shut //开启接口

*Mar 1 00:06:35.815: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up

*Mar 1 00:06:36.815: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up

R1(config-if)#do show ip route //查看路由表

Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0 //显示网段信息

C 192.168.100.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1

5、测试网络连通性

6、在Linux系统中编辑HTTP服务站点信息，并启动服务，启动FTP服务。

[root@localhost ~]# cd /var/www/html/ //进入站点

[root@localhost html]# vim index.html //编辑网页

this is test wed //编辑内容

~

~

:wq //保存退出

[root@localhost html]# systemctl start httpd //启动httpd服务

[root@localhost html]# systemctl stop firewalld.service //关闭防火情

[root@localhost html]# setenforce 0 //关闭增强性安全功能

[root@localhost html]# systemctl start vsftpd //启动FTP服务

[root@localhost html]# netstat -ntap | egrep '(21|80)' //查看服务是否端口

tcp6 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 3437/httpd

tcp6 0 0 :::21 :::* LISTEN 3766/vsftpd

[root@localhost html]# cd /var/ftp/ //进入FTP站点

[root@localhost ftp]# echo "this is ftp" > ftp_test.txt //生成txt文件

[root@localhost ftp]# ls //查看站点内容

ftp_test.txt pub //显示站点内容

7、在win10设备中测试HTTP与FTP服务是否提供。

8、在GNS 3路由设备中配置ACL访问控制条目

R1(config)#access-list 100 per //设置win10主机允许访问Linux系统HTTP服务

R1(config)#$ 100 permit tcp host 192.168.1.2 host 192.168.100.100 eq www

R1(config)#do show access-li //查看

Extended IP access list 100

10 permit tcp host 192.168.1.2 host 192.168.100.100 eq www //显示列表信息

R1(config)#access-list 100 deny ip host 192.168.1.2 host 192.168.100.100 //配置拒绝访问Linux其他服务

R1(config)#do show access-li //查看

Extended IP access list 100

10 permit tcp host 192.168.1.2 host 192.168.100.100 eq www

20 deny ip host 192.168.1.2 host 192.168.100.100 //显示列表信息

R1(config)#access-list 100 permit ip host 192.168.1.2 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255

//配置win10设备允许访问win10 2设备

R1(config)#do show access-li //查看

Extended IP access list 100

10 permit tcp host 192.168.1.2 host 192.168.100.100 eq www

20 deny ip host 192.168.1.2 host 192.168.100.100

30 permit ip host 192.168.1.2 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 //显示列表信息

R1(config)#int f0/0 //进入接口

R1(config-if)#ip access-group 100 in //将配置应用在接口，进入方向

9、测试配置结果

写在最后：

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