【名师A计划】2017高考英语一轮总复习 第一部分 教材知识梳理 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions课件.ppt

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1、Unit 3Inventors and inventions,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,1.distinguishvt.有益 convenientlyadv.便利地,方便地,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,6.caution n.小心;谨慎 cautious adj.小心的;谨慎的 cautiously adv.小心地;谨慎地 7.expectation n.预料;期待,期望 expect vt.预料;期望 8.passive adj.被动的;消极的;被动语态的 active (反义词)adj.主动的;积极的;主动语态的 9.merry adj.愉快的,高兴的 merrily adv.高兴地

2、,愉快地 10.seize vt.抓住,捉住;夺 11.criterion n.(评判的)标准;尺度 criteria (pl.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,12.file n.文件;档案;文件夹 vt.提交;将归档 13.identification n.鉴定;辨认;身份证明 identify vt.确认;识别;鉴别 vi.认同;一致 identity n.身份; 一致;特征 14.innocent adj.清白的;无罪的;天真的 innocence n.无罪;天真;清白 15.bear vt.忍受,忍耐;负担;生育 bore (过去式) born(e) (过去分词) bearable a

3、dj.可忍受的,可容忍的 unbearable adj.难以忍受的,不能忍受的,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,16.tap vt.本领,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,1.call up 给打电话 2.now and then 偶尔,有时 3.set about 开始,着手 4.dive into 潜入;扑去;迅速把手伸入;一心投入 5.set out (to do) 开始(做) 6.hang on 不挂断;稍等;紧紧握住 7.out of order 次序颠倒;发生故障 8.get through 设法联系上(尤指打通电话);(设法)做完;通过 9.ring back 回复电话 10.ring

4、 off 挂断电话,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,1.我做的第一件事就是看是否有能帮助我的产品,但似乎只有一种专门用来杀死蛇的药粉。 The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me,but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes. 2.第二天早上,天还不是很热,我就早早地起床了。 The next morning I got up early before the sun was hot. 3.只有你得到这种承认,

5、你才可以说是一个真正的发明家。 Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor. 4.(评定)专利标准是很严格的,除非新的想法真是新颖的,否则很难被接受。 The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,5.跟踪下去,不断探索,不知不觉中,你就会发现某种值得思考的东西盘踞在你的头脑中。 Fol

6、low it up,explore all around it,and before you know it,you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind. 6.这项专利是1876年发布的,但是贝尔是在五天以后才跟他的助手华生通了第一次电话。 The patent was given in 1876,but it was not until five days later that Bell sent his first telephone message to his assistant Watson,Whe

7、n the writer called up her mother in the countryside 1.on the phone,she learned that snakes came near their house and that they seemed to 2.have made(make) their home near their house.The writer considered 3.it a chance for her to distinguish herself by 4.inventing(invent) something that would catch

8、 snakes but not harm them. She set about 5.researching(research) the habits of snakes.She decided to cool them so that they could be 6.easily(easy) caught.However,her first two plans were not successful.As a result,she had to attempt 7.a third time,8.which helped her fulfill her aim successfully.She

9、 was so 9.delighted(delight) that she determined to send her invention to the patent office to get 10.recognition(recognize) for her successful idea,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,distinguish vt.使自己出名 Speeches distinguish human beings from animals.人类和其他动物的区别在于人类会说话。 They do not know how to distinguish between these

10、 two kinds of contradictions.他们不知道如何区分这两种矛盾。 He distinguished himself by his courage.他因勇敢而扬名,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,拓展延伸 1.distinguished adj.著名的,卓著的 be distinguished for.因而出名 be distinguished as 被称为;作为而出名 2.distinguishable adj.易分辨的,能区分的,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用 完成句子 1.分清楚语法规则和书面语言规则是很重要的。 It is important to dist

11、inguish between the rules of grammar and the conventions of written language. 2.这对孪生子十分相像,让人无法分辨。 The twins were so much alike that it was impossible to distinguish one from the other. 3.他因跳远而出名。 He is distinguished for long jump,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,convenient adj.便利的,方便的;就近的 They abruptly disappeared in

12、to a convenient hole in the wall.它们突然一下子就消失在附近的墙洞里了。(教材原句P20) 常见用法 be convenient to sb.对某人方便 It is convenient for sb.to do sth.某人方便做某事 if it is convenient to you如果你方便的话 It is not convenient for me to ring him up.我现在不方便给他打电话。 Come and see me whenever it is convenient to you.只要你方便,随时过来看我,重点短语,重点句型,重点单

13、词,拓展延伸 convenience n.方便,便利;适宜;省事 at ones convenience在某人方便的时候 for convenience为了方便 Come by to pick me up at your convenience.你方便的时候,请来接我。 现学活用 完成句子 1.我不知道你来这里是否方便。 I dont know if it is convenient for you to come here. 2.如果你方便的话,请两点钟给我打电话。 If it is convenient to you,call me at two oclock,please,重点短语,重点

14、句型,重点单词,seize vt.夺取;抓住(机会等);捉住 Pressed by my friends and relations,I decided to seize the opportunity.由于朋友和亲戚的敦促,我决定抓住这次机会(教材原句P21) 常见用法 seize hold of 抓住 seize sth.from sb.从某人那里夺取某物 seize sb.by the.抓住某人的(身体某部位) seize on/upon sth.抓住(可利用的事物),利用 The policeman seized him by the arm.警察抓住了他的胳膊。 The compan

15、y was quick to seize on the possibilities offered by new technology.该公司迅速抓住了新技术带来的机遇,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用 完成句子 1.他们突袭攻占了机场。 They seized the airport in a surprise attack. 2.我们应该抓住机遇,尽最大的努力解决这个问题。 We should seize the opportunity/chance and try our best to solve the problem,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,bear vt.忍受,忍耐;

16、负担;生育 I cannot bear the smell of burnt sausage on the barbecue.我忍受不了烤架上烤香肠的味道。(教材原句P24) 常见用法 bear sb.to do sth.容忍某人做某事 cant bear doing/to do sth.无法忍受做某事 bear (sth.) in mind 记住;考虑到 bear the responsibility/blame承担责任/受责备 She could not bear seeing the children hungry.她不忍看到孩子们挨饿。 You shouldnt have to bea

17、r the blame for other peoples mistakes.你不必代人受过,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,词义辨析 1.bear表示“对强加的任何东西的忍受”,侧重于表示“忍受沉重或难办的事”。 He could not bear his company to be attacked like that.他不忍看到同伴受到那样的攻击。 2.stand 常与 bear 通用,但stand 包含着“不退让”“不畏缩”的“忍受”之意。 He can stand more pain than anyone else I know.他比我认识的任何人都更能忍受痛苦。 3.tolerat

18、e 和 stand 都表示“忍受令人生厌的事”。tolerate 的内涵是“为了和平或融洽而不反对”。 Considering his home situation,he had to tolerate his wife.考虑到家中的情形,他不得不忍让妻子。 4.put up with是普通用语,指容忍某些不愉快的或有轻微伤害的事情。 Noise is coming to the point where we cant put up with it.噪音快到我们无法忍受的地步了,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用 单句填空 1.Bearing(bear) in mind that hes

19、only ten,I think he did very well. 2.You must bear it in mind that your parents hope to depend on you to become a good doctor. 3.It was said that she bore(bear) him three sons,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,associate vt.联想;联系;联合vi.交往n.同伴,伙伴 Although he is most often associated with the invention of the telephone,he

20、 was indeed a continuing searcher after practical solutions to improve the quality of everybodys life.虽然人们常把他与电话的发明联系在一起,但是他的确是一位永不停息的探索家,不断寻求着改善人们生活质量的途径。(教材原句P26) 常见用法 associate with sb.与某人交往,与某人打交道 associate.with.把和联系在一起 be associated with.和有关,与相联系,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,You must bear it in mind that you

21、 should never associate with bad companions.你必须要牢记千万别和坏人交往。 In the childrens minds summer is associated with picnics.在孩子的心中,夏天是和野餐联系在一起的。 拓展延伸 association n.联合;联想;交往;协会;团体 in association with.与合作;在的帮助下 现学活用 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The cancer risks associated(associate) with smoking have been well document

22、ed. 2.We are working in association(associate) with a local company to raise money for the homeless,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,call up给打电话;使回忆起 When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very upset.我给住在乡下的母亲打电话的时候,她感到很心烦。(教材原句P20) Your letter calls up the days when we worked together

23、 fifteen years ago.你的来信使我回忆起十五年前我们一起工作的日子。 拓展延伸 1.call off取消,撤销 call out 大声说出 call at (some place) 拜访(某地) call on (sb.) 拜访(某人) call on sb.to do sth.要求/号召/呼吁某人做某事 call for 需求,需要;来取(某物);去接(某人) call in 请来,找来,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,2.与打电话有关的短语: ring/call back回复电话 ring off挂断电话 give sb.a ring/call 给某人打电话 sb.be wa

24、nted on the phone有某人的电话 answer the phone 接电话 hang/hold on 不挂断电话 hold the line 稍等 get through 设法联系上(尤指打通电话) Why dont you call on my sister when youre in Brighton?你到了布莱顿何不顺便探望一下我姐姐呢,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用 用call构成的短语的适当形式填空 1.The smell of the sea called up memories of her childhood. 2.Rescuers had to call

25、 off the search because of worsening weather condition. 3.Its the sort of work that calls for a high level of concentration. 4.The Ministry of Education calls on students to exercise for an hour every day,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,set about开始,着手 I set about researching the habits of snakes to find the easiest

26、way to trap them.我着手研究蛇的习性,以便能找到最容易的方法捉住它们。(教材原句P20) 拓展延伸 set off 出发;引发;引爆 set out 出发,动身;开始;打算 set aside 留出;拨出;不予考虑;把放在一边 set down 记下,写下 set up 建立;创业 I hope I will set up my own business someday.我希望有一天我能自己创业。 She is going to set out/off for France at five oclock in the morning.她准备早上五点钟出发去法国,重点短语,重点句

27、型,重点单词,现学活用 单句填空 1.She sets out to break(break) the world record. 2.We set about cleaning(clean) up the mess. 3.After breakfast,my classmates and I set out for Hong Xing Farm and received a warm welcome,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,get through设法联系上(尤指打通电话);(设法)做完;通过 I cant get through.我打不通电话。(教材原句P26) It took us

28、only a few minutes to get through the Customs.我们通过海关检查只花了几分钟时间。 拓展延伸 1.get into进入;陷入;染上(习惯) get off下车;脱下(衣服等);(使)动身;(飞机)起飞 get along with.与相处 get over越过(墙等);克服;从(病、损失等)中恢复过来 get down to doing 开始认真做,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,2.go through通过;检查;经历 pass through从中穿过;走过 look through浏览;仔细查看 see through 看穿,识破 break th

29、rough突破 The actress had to learn to get over her fear of the public.这位女演员必须学会不怯场。 She spent the whole night looking through the students homework.她花了一晚上查看学生的作业。 现学活用 单句改错 1.Its time I got down to think about that essay.(think 改为thinking) 2.He has great difficulty to getting along well with his class

30、mates.(to改为in或删除to,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,before引导的时间状语从句 The next morning I got up early before the sun was hot.第二天早上,天还不是很热,我就早早地起床了。(教材原句P20) 在before引导的时间状语从句中,因为before从句本身已含有否定的意思,所以谓语动词必须用肯定式。 另外,根据before在句中的实际情况,从句译法有多种,具体可译为:还没来得及就(常与情态动词can,could连用);(之后)才;不久(就)。 He rushed out of the room before I co

31、uld say a word.我还没来得及说一句话他就冲出了房间。 It was midnight before he returned.他半夜之后才回来。 It was not long before Martin got to his feet.马丁不久就站了起来,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用 用before引导的时间状语从句完成句子 1.我很抱歉你已经等了这么长时间,但是还要再过一段时间玛丽才能回来。 Im sorry youve been waiting so long,but itll still be some time before Mary gets back . 2

32、.趁我还没忘,我得把它写下来。 Before I forget it,I must write it down. 3.你最好离开,不然我就要发火了。 Youd better go away before I lose my temper,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,祈使句+and/or.+陈述句”句型 Follow it up,explore all around it,and before you know it,you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.跟踪下去,不断探索,不知不觉中,你就会发现某种值

33、得思考的东西盘踞在你的头脑中。(教材原句P25) 在“祈使句+and/or.+陈述句”结构中,前后为顺承关系时,用and或then;前后是转折关系时,用or,otherwise或or else。这种句型可以改为if引导的条件状语从句。 Lend her a hand,and she will be grateful to you.=If you lend her a hand,she will be grateful.帮她一把,她会感激的。 Send an email to your parents,or they will get annoyed.=If you dont send an e

34、mail to your parents,they will get annoyed.给你的父母发个电子邮件,不然他们会生气的,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用 用and或or填空 1.Lose one hour in the morning,and you will be looking for it the rest of the day. 2.Read this story,and you will realize that not everything can be bought with money. 3.Dont turn off the computer before cl

35、osing all programs,or you could have problems,一、单句填空 1.(2015广东高考改编)Daniel Anderson,a famous psychologist,believes its important to distinguish televisions influences on children those of the family. 1.from。句意:著名的心理学家丹尼尔安德森认为把电视对孩子的影响和家庭对孩子的影响区分开是非常重要的。distinguish.from.“把和区分开”。 2.(2015陕西高考改编)They are

36、 indifferent to the (convenient) caused to others. 2.inconvenience。句意:他们对给别人造成的不便很冷漠。根据句意可知,空处应该表示造成的不便,故用inconvenience。 3.(2015浙江高考改编)Find something,dive it,take the good parts,skip the bad parts,get what you can out of it,go on to something else. 3.into。句意:找到一些书,一心投入进去,吸取精华部分,摒弃其糟粕,然后从中获得你能得到的东西,继

37、续去看其他书。固定搭配dive into意为“投入,4.(2015湖北高考改编)One of the families moving in was the Brenninkmeijers,currently the (wealthy) family of the Netherlands. 4.wealthiest。句意:其中搬过来的有布伦宁克迈耶一家,他们是当时荷兰最富裕的家庭。of the Netherlands为限定范围,所以此处应用形容词的最高级。 5.(2015湖南高考改编)This of course created a new problem:dirt (practical) bu

38、ried the first floors of every building in Chicago. 5.practically。句意:这当然引发了新的问题:灰尘实际上覆盖了芝加哥每栋大楼的第一层楼。此处应用副词practically“实际上”,修饰动词buried。 6.(2015北京高考改编)But it is useful to bear in mind all such changes come from the technology and not some imagined desire by parents to keep their children under their

39、wings. 6.that。句意:但是记住这一点是很有用的:所有的变化来自于科技的进步,而非父母想将子女保护在自己的羽翼下的愿望。bear sth.in mind“把记在心里”。此处所填词引导的宾语从句作bear的宾语,从句不缺少句子成分,故用that来连接,7.(2015上海高考改编)Instead,they emphasize the story of the youth who (seize) opportunity and becomes a masterful leader. 7.seizes。句意:相反,他们着重讲年轻人的故事。这些年轻人能够抓住机会成为出色的领导。在定语从句中,s

40、eize与becomes为并列关系,应用第三人称单数形式。 8.(2015湖北高考改编)He gave himself a new name to hide his (identify) when he went to carry out the secret task. 8.identity。句意:在执行一项秘密任务时,他给自己起了一个新名字来掩盖身份。identity“身份”。 9.(2014江苏高考改编)The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication,especially at work where a good (imp

41、ress) is a must. 9.impression。所填词被good修饰,应填名词impression。此处指“一个好的印象,10.Mr Green,forlife had been very hard,donated his possessions to earthquake-hit families. 10.whom。先行词Mr Green在从句中作介词for的宾语,故用关系代词whom引导。句意:尽管格林先生生活艰难,但他还是把自己的财产捐给了在地震中受灾的家庭,二、单元话题微写作 发明与专利 根据提示,将以下句子连成一篇英语短文。 1.我父母打来电话说他们不能忍受房子周围的噪音

42、。(call up;bear) 2.为了表现一下自己,我抓住这次机会发明了一种消声器(silencer)。(distinguish oneself;seize) 3.在朋友们的催促下,我打电话联系了专利局,声称我的发明十分牢固,而且使用方便,从不发生故障。(get through;claim;stable;convenient;out of order) 4.结果我的产品符合他们的标准,获得了专利。(satisfy ones criteria;patent) 5.我很高兴自己没有辜负父母的期望。(live up to ones expectations,My parents called me

43、 up and told me that they couldnt bear the noise around our house.To distinguish myself,I seized the chance and invented a new type of silencer.Pressed by my friends,I got through to the patent office,claiming it was stable and convenient to use,and never out of order.As a result,my product satisfied their criteria and I got a patent.I was very happy that I lived up to my parents expectations