Meducal: 医学英语常用前缀（附词卡）

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作为一名医学生或执业医师，我们必须要学习医学术语吗?

Is that a must for us to learn medical terms as a medical student or HCP?

我想答案很明确：是的，必须学习

I guess the answer is quite simple and straightforward. Yes, it is.

我们花费数年时间学习医学知识，在各种考试中一路过关斩将，但却连一句表达自己临床思维的完整句子都说不出来，更别说与国外医生展开一段学术对话了。我们将来面对的是人的生命，所以我们必须抓紧一切机会用英语去充实丰满自己，去学习先进的医学。

We spent years learning medical knowledge and earning high grades over all the tests, but unable to utter a complete sentences expressing our own clinical experience, not to initiate an academic conversation with a foreign-trained doctor. We must try to seize the chance using  English to fulfill ourselves and learn the advanced medicine since what we are going to do is based on saving people's life.

如果你在学习医学术语上有困难，欢迎关注「Meducal医学」，在这里你可以免费自主地学习医学英语，很期待认识你！

So if you have difficulties in learning medical terms, you can follow us and learn medical terms for free. What are you waiting for, come on and join us!

@Wilber

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在我们系统学习医学英语前，让我们先来了解医学英语的5条普遍规律。

 ⊙ 复杂单词可被分解为词根、词缀，其中词缀又分为前缀和后缀 

Hemat/o/logy（血液学 the process of study of blood）

分解：词根 Hemat (blood) · 后缀 logy (process of study)  

 ⊙ 一般词根和后缀之间用"O"相连，

如 Hemat · o · logy

 ⊙ 当后缀的首字母为元音时不用加“O”

Gastr·itis（胃炎 the inflammation of stomach）

分解：词根 Gastr (stomach) · 后缀 itis (inflammation)

而非 Gastro·itis

 ⊙ 两个词根之间必须加“O”（大多数情况）

Gastr·o·enter·o·logy（肠胃病学 the process of study of stomach and small intestine）

分解：词根 Gastr (stomach) · 词根 enter (small intestine) · 后缀 -logy (process of study)

而非 Gastr·enter·logy

 ⊙ 前缀和词根之间一般不用加"O"

Hyper·glyc·emia（高血糖）

分解：前缀 Hyper (excessive) · 词根 glyc (sugar) · 后缀 -emia (blood condition)

Hyper- 为前缀；glyc 为词根，注意两者之间并没有加“o”

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通过上述介绍，我们大致了解到一个复杂的医学英语单词可以被分解为词根（不止一个）和词缀（分前缀、后缀，通常为一个），所以了解常用词根词缀是学习医学英语的重中之重，我们将会在之后的各系统专栏给大家详细分类介绍词根；今天先给大家介绍一些比较重要的前缀，下一期则会详细介绍后缀，还请大家多多关注。

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好！那我们开始本期前缀的学习

***- 表前缀；***/o 表词根；-*** 表后缀

a-, an-   no, not, without 

apnea: 无呼吸  

a- (no) · pnea (breath) ==> no breath

ab-   away from 

abnormal: 异常的

ab- (away from) · normal==> away from normal

ad-   toward

adrenal glands: 肾上腺

ad- (toward) · ren/o (kidney) · -al (pertaining to) gland ==> A gland pertaining to toward the kidney 

ana-   up, apart

anabolism: 合成代谢

bol/o (to cast) · -ism (condition)

ante-   before, forward

antepartum: 产前

part/o (childbirth) · -um (singular noun ending, structure)

anti-   against

antibody: 抗体

auto-   self

autoimmune disease: 自身免疫病

bi-   two

bilateral: 双边的

later/o (side) · -al (pertaining to) ==> pertaining to 2 sides

brady-   slow

bradycardia: 心率减慢

card/o (heart) · -ia (condition)

cata-   down

catabolism: 分解代谢

bol/o (to cast) · -ism (condition)

con-   together

connective: 连接的

contra-   against

contralateral: 对侧的

later/o (side) · -al (pertaining to)

de-   down, lack of

dehydration: 缺水

hydr/o (water, fluid)

dia-   through, complete

diarrhea: 腹泻

-rrhea (flow, discharge)

dys-   bad, painful

dyspnea: 呼吸困难

-pnea (breathing)

ec-   out

ectopic pregnancy: 宫外孕

top/o (place, position)

endo-   in

endoscope: 内镜

scope (instrument for viewing)

epi-   upon, on, above

epithelium: 上皮

theli/o (cellular layer, nipple)

eu-   good, normal

euphoria: 欣快

-phoria (feeling)

ex-   out

exophthalmos: 眼球突出

ophthalm/o (eye, vision)

hemi-   half

hemiglossectomy: 半舌切除术

gloss/o (tongue) · -ectomy (removal)

hyper-   excessive

hyperglycemia: 高血糖

glyc/o (sugar) · -emia (condition of blood)

hypo-   deficient, under

hypoglycemia: 低血糖

infra-   under

infracostal: 肋骨下

costal (ribs)

inter-   between

intercostal: 肋间

intra-   in, into

intravenous: 静脉注射的

ven/o (vein)

macro-   large

macrocephaly: 巨颅

cephaly (head)

mal-   bad

malignant: 恶性的

lig/o (bind, scary)

micro-   small

microscope: 显微镜

neo-   new

neoplasm: 肿瘤

plasm (liquid part of blood)

pan-   all

pancytopenia: 全血细胞减少

cyt/o (cell) · -penia (decrease)

para-   beside, near

parathyroid glands: 甲状旁腺

thyroid glands 甲状腺

per-   through

percutaneous: 经皮的

cutane/o (skin)

peri-   surrounding

pericardium: 心包的

cardi/o (heart)

poly-   many

polymorphonuclear: 多形核白细胞

morph/o (shape, form)

pre-   before

prenatal: 出生前的

natal (birth)

pro-   before

prolapse: 下垂的

lapse (fall)

pros-   before

prosthesis: 假体

re-   back, again

relapse: 再发；复发

retro-   behind

retroperitoneal: 腹膜后的

peritone/o, periton/o (peritoneum)

sub-   under

subcutaneous: 皮下的

supra-   above，upper

suprapubic: 耻骨弓上的

pubic (genital region) 

syn-, sym-   together, with

synthesis: 合成

symmetry: 对称

好啦，常用的医学英语前缀都总结好了，刚开始学习医学英语会有点难度，坚持住，先把前缀学扎实了，一步步稳扎稳打，希望大家都能把医学英语学得杠杠的～～

嘿嘿

别忘了上Quizlet战场

https://quizlet.com/_5nzsy2

打前缀小怪兽哇～

     MEDUCAL: 为医学打Call！   

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「医学英语常用后缀」

@DRWILBER