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语言学考点整理
The most common definition is that pragmatics is the study of how people use language to effect communication. Austin's model of speech acts 1 、 constatives and performatives 2 、 locutionary act , illocutionary act and perlocutionary act Cooperative Principle ( CP )
The maxim of quantity 1. Make your contribution as informative as required (for the current purpose of the exchange) 2.Do not make your contribution more informative than is required. The maxim of quality 1. Do not say what you believe to be false. 2. Do not say that for which you lack adequate evidence. The maxim of relationBe relevant The maxim of manner1. Avoid obscurity of expression. 2. Avoid ambiguity. 3. Be brief (avoid unnecessary prolixity). 4. Be orderly. Morphological and syntactic change--- Grammatical change 1 、 addition of affixes 2 、 loss of affixes Addition of new words a) Coinage 新造词、创新词
A new word can be coined outright to fit some purpose: Eg. walkman, Mp3, MD, b) Clipped words 缩略词 : The abbreviation of longer words or phrases: |
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