shall与will用作情态动词和和助动词的用法

【一】情态动词will/would用法

【1】表示意愿

表示自愿做或者主动提出做某事，如果意志，愿望或决心等，可用于各种人称。would是will的过去式

I will not argue with you.我不愿意和你争.

Jane said that she would not go with Tom, for she didn’t like him.

简说她不愿意和汤姆一起去，因为她不喜欢他.

-Can someone help me?

-I will

Mary said that she would arrange everything for him.

【2】表示请求

(1)表示征求意见或者提出请求，多用于第2人称主语的疑问句中。would不表示过去式，而是表示语气更加委婉.

结构(1) Would you like to+动词原形？

Would you like to go to the cinema?

结构(2) Will you please +动词原形？

Will you please come this way, please?

Will you eat dinner with me tomorrow,Tom?

汤姆，明天你和我一起吃饭，好吗？

Would you please do me a favor?

你可以帮我一个忙吗？

(1)如果想听起来更有礼貌或怕会被拒绝，可以用Would you mind...? 你介意....吗？ 来表示。但是回答语是对mind回答.

Would you mind opening the door? 你介意去开门吗？（你介意去做后面的动作吗？）

Would you mind me/my opening the door?

你介意我去开门吗？（你介意某人去做后面的动作吗？）

【3】表示习惯或特性

带有一主观性，意思为，总是，will;表示现在习惯，would表示过去的习惯.

Tom will keep asking silly questions.

汤姆总是不停问一些愚蠢的问题.

Kelly would take the subway to the office when she worked in Shanghai .

凯里在上海工作时，她都搭乘地铁去上班.

This old man is strange. He will sit for hours without saying anything.

We would sit around grandpa after supper, listening to his stories.

特别备注：有时候也表示客观规律的注定会

Fish will die without water=Fish die out of water..

鱼儿离开水总是会死.

Oil will float on water.

油总是会浮在水上.

People will die without air or water.

You will regret forever if you lose this golden chance.

【二】情态动词shall用法(shan’t=shall not)

【1】表示征求对方意见或请求

(1)表示征求对方意见或请求时，主要用于第1和第3人称作主语的疑问句中.

Shall I turn on the lights?

我把灯打开好吗？

When shall he be able to leave the hospital?

他什么时候能出院呢？

Shall my son carry the bag for you?

让我儿子帮你提那个袋子，好吗？

Shall Tom go there with me tomorrow?

Henry is waiting outside . Shall he come in , sir?

特别备注： 作为情态动词和帮助动词意义差别很大，一定要根据句子意思和上下文来进行理解和使用.

(2)”Shall I ...? 用来提出自己的建议，并询问对方是否赞成这一建议， 意思为“我要....吗？

Shall I change into the evening dress for your party?

我要不要穿晚礼服参加你的晚会呢？

Shall I get the keys?.

我去拿钥匙好吗？

I bought some lovely raisin buns at the bakery. Shall I bring you one with some tea?

我在面包店里买了些很好吃的葡萄干圆面包，要不要我给你拿一个，再来点儿茶？

Shall I telephone her and ask her to come here?

要不要我打电话让她过来？

(3)“Shall we..?用来向对方提出建议，邀请，并询问对方是否赞成，意思，我们一起做...好吗？

Shall we put off the sports meet until next month?

Well, shall we go?

嗯，我们可以走了吗？

Let's have a nice little stroll, shall we?.

我们悠悠哉哉地溜达一会儿，好不好？

我们将运动会推迟到下个月好吗？（2016年2月1日）

【2】表示许诺，命令；警告；威胁等语气

用于第2，第3人称作主语的 陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的 许诺，承诺，命令，警告等.

He shall have the book when I finish reading.

当我读完这本书时，他可以拿到这本书.

You shall fail if you don’t work harder.

如果你不更加努力工作，你一定失败.

You shall get an answer from me by tomorrow

Tell Jerry that he shall get a gift if he is nice.

You shall be punished for what you have done.

【3】用于条约/规定/法令等表示必须/应该

用于第3人称作主语的陈述句，在条约，规定，法令等文件中表示应该，必须

Those members of our clubs should wear uniforms.

我们俱乐部的那些成员应该穿制服.

The president shall hold office for five years.

总统将任职 5 年。

特别备注：情态动词shall 用于2/3人称表示允诺，命令，要求加警告。用在1/3人称疑问句表示征询

【三】情态动词should用法

【1】表示义务

表示义务，责任时意思“应该，应当”这种用法往往表示说话者的观点，可用于各种人称.

Drivers should obey the speed limit.

司机应该遵守限制速度的规则.

Children should be taught to speak the truth.

要教孩子们说真话.

I think today’s children should really learn to respect their elders.

【2】表示提帮助，建议或者要求对方给出意见

Should I help you with the housework?

我可以帮助你做一些家务吗？

How do you think I should deal with all kinds of problems?

你认为我应当如何应对各种各样的问题？

【3】表示征求意见

作为的过去式，用于第1/3人称作主语的问句，多用在间接引语中，以征求对方的意见.

I asked the manager if I should have a few days off.

我问经理，我是否可以请几天假.

Mr.Wang asked if he should get his visa the next day.

王先生问第2天他能否拿到他的签证.

I asked if he should get his visa tomorrow.

【4】表示按照一定的根据进行推测(有很大可能）

She left hours ago. She should be home now.

她几小时前离开了，她现在应该在家里了.

-Which province is the warmest one in winter?

冬天哪个省最暖和？

-It should be Hainan Province.

我认为应该是海南省

She should pass her chemistry final.

Mary should be there by now

【5】表示说话人的惊奇，愤怒，失望的特殊情感

Can you imagine a smart man like him should make such a stupid?

你能想象出像他那样聪明的一个人竟然/居然能犯如此愚蠢的错误吗？

Why should we learn a language that is not used in daily life?

我们为什么要学一门日常生活中用不到的语言呢？

Why should you be so late today?

It is dangerous. You shouldn’t do that

It’s unthinkable that the boy should sing such a beautiful song.

【6】should have done/should not have done用法

(1)should have done 表示过去本应该做某事未做的事情

You failed the exam.You should have studied harder.

你这次考试不及格，你本应该努力学习.

(2)should not have done表本不该做却做了事情

You should not have told him about this matter.

你本不应该告诉他这个事情.

He shouldn’t have said such a thing.

特别备注(1)ought to 要比should 语气稍微强，should多表达自己的主观看法，ought to多反映客观情况。在谈到法律义务和规定是，常用ought to，其否定式 在to之前加not， 疑问式把ought提到句首

You ought to start at once.

你应该马上开始.

The children ought not to play so close to the road.

孩子们不应该在靠马路这么近的地方玩耍.

My parents are getting older and older . 

I ought to /should visit them more often

It’s too cold. You ought not to make a snowman.

-Ought I to put on my coat?

-Yes, you ought (to)

-No, you ought not (to)